protected: virtual int sync() If a put area exists (e.g. the file was opened for writing), calls overflow() to write all pending output to the file, then flushes the file as if by calling std::fflush. If a get area exists (e.g. the file was opened for reading), the effect is implementation-defined. Typical implementation may empty out the get area and move the current file position back by the corresponding number of bytes. Parameters (none). Return value ​0​ in case of success, -

A union is a special class type that can hold only one of its non-static data members at a time. The class specifier for a union declaration is similar to class or struct declaration: union attr class-head-name { member-specification } attr(C++11) - optional sequence of any number of attributes class-head-name - the name of the union that's being defined. Optionally prepended by nested-name-specifier (sequence of names and scope-resolution operators, ending with scope-resol

Defined in header <memory> template< class T, class Alloc > struct uses_allocator (since C++11) If T has a member typedef allocator_type which is convertible from Alloc or is an alias of std::experimental::erased_type (library fundamentals TS), provides the member constant value equal to true. Otherwise value is false. Helper variable template template< class T, class Alloc > constexpr bool uses_allocator_v = uses_allocator<T, Alloc>::value; (sin

Usage public access specifier

constexpr enable_shared_from_this(); (1) (since C++11) enable_shared_from_this( const enable_shared_from_this<T>&obj ); (2) (since C++11) Constructs new enable_shared_from_this object. Parameters obj - an enable_shared_from_this to copy Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept Example #include <memory> struct Foo : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Foo> { Foo() {} // implicitly calls enable_shared_from_this constructor std

protected: virtual void imbue( const std::locale& loc ) Changes the associated locale so that all characters inserted or extracted after this call (and until another call to imbue()) are converted using the std::codecvt facet of loc. If the old locale's encoding is state-dependent and file is not positioned at the beginning, then the new locale must have the same std::codecvt facet as the one previously imbued. Parameters loc - the locale to imbue the stream with Return

static char_type* copy( char_type* dest, const char_type* src, std::size_t count ); Copies count character from character string pointed to by src to character string pointed to by dest. The behavior is undefined if copied character ranges overlap, i.e. src is in [dest, dest + count). Parameters dest - pointer to a character string to copy to src - pointer to a character string to copy from count - the number of characters to copy Return value dest. Exception

reverse_iterator rbegin(); const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const; const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const; (since C++11) Returns a reverse iterator to the first character of the reversed string. It corresponds to the last character of the non-reversed string. Parameters (none). Return value reverse iterator to the first character. Exceptions (none) (until C++11) noexcept specification: noexcept (since C++11) Complexity Constant. Example #include <iostr

Defined in header <locale> template< class CharT > class ctype_byname : public std::ctype<CharT>; std::ctype_byname is a std::ctype facet which encapsulates character classification rules of the locale specified at its construction. Two specializations are provided by the standard library. Defined in header <locale> std::ctype_byname<char> provides narrow character classification. This specialization uses table lookup for character classificati

Usage switch statement: as the declaration of the case labels