static T quiet_NaN(); (until C++11) static constexpr T quiet_NaN(); (since C++11) Returns the special value "quiet not-a-number", as represented by the floating-point type T. Only meaningful if std::numeric_limits<T>::has_quiet_NaN == true. In IEEE 754, the most common binary representation of floating-point numbers, any value with all bits of the exponent set and at least one bit of the fraction set represents a NaN. It is implementation-defined which values of the fraction

Defined in header <cstring> char *strncpy( char *dest, const char *src, std::size_t count ); Copies at most count characters of the byte string pointed to by src (including the terminating null character) to character array pointed to by dest. If count is reached before the entire string src was copied, the resulting character array is not null-terminated. If, after copying the terminating null character from src, count is not reached, additional null characters are written

Usage do-while loop: as the declaration of the loop

char_type widen( char c ) const; Converts a character c to its equivalent in the current locale. The result is converted from char to character type used within the stream if needed. Effectively calls std::use_facet< std::ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).widen(c). Parameters c - character to convert Return value Character converted to char_type. See also narrow narrows characters (public member function) do_widen [virtual] converts a character or char

Usage Declaration of a template Inside a template definition, template can be used to declare that a dependent name is a template.

(not to be confused with member initializer list). Defined in header <initializer_list> template< class T > class initializer_list; (since C++11) An object of type std::initializer_list<T> is a lightweight proxy object that provides access to an array of objects of type const T. A std::initializer_list object is automatically constructed when: a braced-init-list is used in list-initialization, including function-call list initialization and assignment expressio

Defined in header <cstdlib> long strtol( const char *str, char **str_end, int base ); long long strtoll( const char *str, char **str_end, int base ); (since C++11) Interprets an integer value in a byte string pointed to by str. Discards any whitespace characters (as identified by calling isspace()) until the first non-whitespace character is found, then takes as many characters as possible to form a valid base-n (where n=base) integer number representation and co

Defined in header <map> template< class Key, class T, class Compare = std::less<Key>, class Allocator = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, T> > > class multimap; Multimap is an associative container that contains a sorted list of key-value pairs. Sorting is done according to the comparison function Compare, applied to the keys. Search, insertion, and removal operations have logarithmic complexity. The order of the key-value pairs who

The std::hash class should be DefaultConstructible, CopyConstructible, and Destructible.

Defined in header <locale> template< class InternT, class ExternT, class State > class codecvt; Class std::codecvt encapsulates conversion of character strings, including wide and multibyte, from one encoding to another. All file I/O operations performed through std::basic_fstream<CharT> use the std::codecvt<CharT, char, std::mbstate_t> facet of the locale imbued in the stream. Inheritance diagram. Four standalone (locale-independent)