(not to be confused with member initializer list). Defined in header <initializer_list> template< class T > class initializer_list; (since C++11) An object of type std::initializer_list<T> is a lightweight proxy object that provides access to an array of objects of type const T. A std::initializer_list object is automatically constructed when: a braced-init-list is used in list-initialization, including function-call list initialization and assignment expressio

Defined in header <cstdlib> long strtol( const char *str, char **str_end, int base ); long long strtoll( const char *str, char **str_end, int base ); (since C++11) Interprets an integer value in a byte string pointed to by str. Discards any whitespace characters (as identified by calling isspace()) until the first non-whitespace character is found, then takes as many characters as possible to form a valid base-n (where n=base) integer number representation and co

C++ programs create, destroy, refer to, access, and manipulate objects. An object, in C++, is a region of storage that has. size (can be determined with sizeof) alignment requirement (can be determined by alignof) storage duration (automatic, static, dynamic, thread-local) lifetime (bounded by storage duration or temporary) type value (which may be indeterminate, e.g. for default-initialized non-class types) optionally, a name Functions, references, classes and other types, name

Defined in header <cctype> int isspace( int ch ); Checks if the given character is whitespace character as classified by the currently installed C locale. In the default locale, the whitespace characters are the following: space (0x20, ' ') form feed (0x0c, '\f') line feed (0x0a, '\n') carriage return (0x0d, '\r') horizontal tab (0x09, '\t') vertical tab (0x0b, '\v') The behavior is undefined if the value of ch is not representable as unsigned char and is not

(1) void erase( iterator pos ); (until C++11) iterator erase( iterator pos ); (since C++17) iterator erase( const_iterator pos ); (since C++11) (2) void erase( iterator first, iterator last ); (until C++11) iterator erase( const_iterator first, const_iterator last ); (since C++11) size_type erase( const key_type& key ); (3) Removes specified elements from the container. 1) Removes the element at pos. 2) Removes the elements in the range [first; last),

Performs compile-time assertion checking. Syntax static_assert ( bool_constexpr , message ) (since C++11) static_assert ( bool_constexpr ) (since C++17) Explanation bool_constexpr - a constant expression that is contextually convertible to bool message - optional (since C++17)string literal that will appear as compiler error if bool_constexpr is false A static assert declaration may appear at block scope (as a block declaration) and inside a class body (as a m

Defined in header <locale> public: iter_type do_get_year( iter_type s, iter_type end, std::ios_base& str, std::ios_base::iostate& err, std::tm* t) const; (1) protected: virtual iter_type do_get_year( iter_type s, iter_type end, std::ios_base& str, std::ios_base::iostate& err, std::tm* t) const; (2) 1) public member function, calls the protected virtual member function do_get_year of the most derive

Defined in header <atomic> extern "C" void atomic_thread_fence( std::memory_order order ); (since C++11) Establishes memory synchronization ordering of non-atomic and relaxed atomic accesses, as instructed by order, without an associated atomic operation. For example, all non-atomic and relaxed atomic stores that happen before a std::memory_order_release fence in thread A will be synchronized with non-atomic and relaxed atomic loads from the same locations made in thread B

Defined in header <functional> template< class T > struct less; (until C++14) template< class T = void > struct less; (since C++14) Function object for performing comparisons. Unless specialized, invokes operator< on type T. Specializations The partial specialization of std::less for any pointer type yields a total order, even if the built-in operator< does not. The standard library provides a specialization of std::less when T is not specified,

Defined in header <thread> template< class Rep, class Period > void sleep_for( const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& sleep_duration ); (since C++11) Blocks the execution of the current thread for at least the specified sleep_duration. A steady clock is used to measure the duration. This function may block for longer than sleep_duration due to scheduling or resource contention delays. Parameters sleep_duration - time duration to sleep Return