This header is part of the Input/Output library. Includes <iosfwd> Classes ios_base manages formatting flags and input/output exceptions (class) basic_ios manages an arbitrary stream buffer (class template) fpos represents absolute position in a stream or a file (class template) io_errc (C++11) the IO stream error codes (enum) iostream_category (C++11) identifies the iostream error category (function) is_error_code_enum<std::io_errc> (C++11

Defined in header <fstream> template< class CharT, class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT> > class basic_ifstream : public std::basic_istream<CharT, Traits> The class template basic_ifstream implements high-level input operations on file based streams. It interfaces a file-based streambuffer (std::basic_filebuf) with the high-level interface of (std::basic_istream). A typical implementation of std::basic_ifstream holds only one non-derived data me

void clear(); (since C++11) Clears the state of the error condition. Sets the error code to ​0​ and error category to std::generic_category. Parameters (none). Return value (none). Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept

Defined in header <type_traits> template< class T > struct is_compound; (since C++11) If T is a compound type (that is, array, function, object pointer, function pointer, member object pointer, member function pointer, reference, class, union, or enumeration, including any cv-qualified variants), provides the member constant value equal true. For any other type, value is false. Template parameters T - a type to check Helper variable template template&

Defined in header <numeric> template< class InputIt, class T > T accumulate( InputIt first, InputIt last, T init ); (1) template< class InputIt, class T, class BinaryOperation > T accumulate( InputIt first, InputIt last, T init, BinaryOperation op ); (2) Computes the sum of the given value init and the elements in the range [first, last). The first version uses operator+ to sum up the elements, the second version uses the given binary functio

Defined in header <type_traits> template< class T > struct is_null_pointer; (since C++14) Checks whether T is the type std::nullptr_t. Provides the member constant value that is equal to true, if T is the type std::nullptr_t, const std::nullptr_t, volatile std::nullptr_t, or const volatile std::nullptr_t. Otherwise, value is equal to false. Template parameters T - a type to check Helper variable template template< class T > constexpr bool is_nul

RealType alpha() const; (1) (since C++11) RealType beta() const; (2) (since C++11) Returns the distribution parameters the distribution has been constructed with. 1) Returns the α distribution parameter. It is also known as the shape parameter. The default value is 1.0. 2) Returns the β distribution parameter. It is also known as the scale parameter. The default value is 1.0. Parameters (none). Return value 1) Floating point value identifying the α parameter 2) Floating

Usage alternative operators: as an alternative for |

iterator insert( const value_type& value ); (1) (since C++11) template< class P > iterator insert( P&& value ); (2) (since C++11) iterator insert( value_type&& value ); (2) (since C++17) iterator insert( const_iterator hint, const value_type& value ); (3) (since C++11) template< class P > iterator insert( const_iterator hint, P&& value ); (4) (since C++11) iterator insert( const_iterator hint, value_type&& value

C++ includes a variety of utility libraries that provide functionality ranging from bit-counting to partial function application. These libraries can be broadly divided into two groups: language support libraries, and general-purpose libraries. Language support Language support libraries provide classes and functions that interact closely with language features and support common language idioms. Type support Basic types (e.g. std::size_t, std::nullptr_t), RTTI (e.g. std::type_info)