Defined in header <cstdio> std::size_t fread( void* buffer, std::size_t size, std::size_t count, std::FILE* stream ); Reads up to count objects into the array buffer from the given input stream stream as if by calling std::fgetc size times for each object, and storing the results, in the order obtained, into the successive positions of buffer, which is reinterpreted as an array of unsigned char. The file position indicator for the stream is advanced by the number of charact

Defined in header <streambuf> template< class CharT, class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT> > class basic_streambuf; The class basic_streambuf controls input and output to a character sequence. It includes and provides access to. 1) The controlled character sequence, also called the buffer, which may contain input sequence (also called get area) for buffering the input operations and/or output sequence (also called put area) for buffering the output o

Usage void specifier used to declare void* type

Usage if statement: as the declaration of the alternative branch

Initialization of a variable provides its initial value at the time of construction. The initial value may be provided in the initializer section of a declarator or a new expression. It also takes place during function calls: function parameters and the function return values are also initialized. For each declarator, the initializer may be one of the following: ( expression-list ) (1) = expression (2) { initializer-list } (3) 1) comma-separated list of arbitrary expressi

Usage alternative operators: as an alternative for &

Defined in header <complex> template< class T > complex<T> proj( const complex<T>& z ); (1) (since C++11) std::complex<long double> proj( long double z ); (2) (since C++11) template< class DoubleOrIngeter > std::complex<double> proj( DoubleOrInteger z ); (3) (since C++11) std::complex<float> proj( float z ); (4) (since C++11) Returns the projection of the complex number z onto the Riemann sphere. For most z, s

Defined in header <iterator> template< class T, class CharT = char, class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT> > class ostream_iterator : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, void, void, void, void> (until C++17) template< class T, class CharT = char, class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT>> class ostream_iterator; (since C++17) std::ostream_iterato

condition_variable_any(); (1) (since C++11) condition_variable_any(const condition_variable_any&) = delete; (2) (since C++11) 1) Constructs an object of type std::condition_variable_any. 2) Copy constructor is deleted. Parameters (none). Exceptions 1) May throw std::system_error with std::error_condition equal to std::errc::operation_not_permitted if the thread has no privilege to create a condition variable, std::errc::resource_unavailable_try_again if a non-memory reso

bool unique() const; Checks if *this is the only shared_ptr instance managing the current object, i.e. whether use_count() == 1. Parameters (none). Return value true if *this is the only shared_ptr instance managing the current object, false otherwise. Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept Example #include <memory> #include <iostream> int main() { auto sp1 = std::make_shared<int>(5); std::cout << std::boolalpha; std::cout &